Abstract 10985: Replacing Dietary Carbohydrates and Refined Grains with Different Alternatives and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of deaths worldwide, but prospective data on dietary risk factors for CVD in South and Southeast Asian populations are sparse. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the relation between macronutrient and food intakes and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a multi-ethnic Asian population. Methods: We used data from the Singapore Multi-ethnic cohort ( n = 12,408), a prospective cohort of ethnic Chinese, Malay and Indian adults aged 21–65 years recruited between 2004 to 2010. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and the incidence of MACE was ascertained through data linkage with national registries. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the associations between dietary intakes and MACE risk. Results: Over 125,241 person-years, 746 incident cases of MACE were documented. We observed a direct association between carbohydrate intake and MACE risk (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07, 1.71 highest vs. lowest quartile, P -trend 0.001). Replacing 5% of energy from carbohydrate with polyunsaturated fat (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69, 0.91), but not saturated fat (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.83, 1.08), was significantly associated with a lower MACE risk. In terms of food groups, replacing 1 serving per day of refined grains with fruit (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87, 0.99), vegetables (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86, 1.00), and dairy (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87, 0.99) was associated with lower MACE risk. Cholesterol intake was associated with a higher MACE risk in ethnic Indians (HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.52, 3.71 highest vs. lowest quartile, P -trend <0.001), but not in ethnic Malay or Chinese ( P -interaction 0.016). Conclusions: Moderating carbohydrate intakes by increasing polyunsaturated fat intake and replacing refined grains with fruits, vegetables, and dairy may lower CVD risk in Asian populations.