Absorption of the Spectrum of Ultraviolet Radiation by Various Cultures

Abstract

The growth and development of vegetable crops in protected ground conditions is influenced by temperature, humidity of air and soil, lighting (radiation flux, photon irradiation, spectral composition of radiation, daylight length). In greenhouses, high-pressure mercury lamps are used for light culture of plants. They have almost no ultraviolet radiation in their spectrum compared to sunlight. Lack of ultraviolet radiation in greenhouses causes lower concentrations of anthocyanins and carotenoids in the leaves of green crops than under sunlight. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing existing studies and systematization them on the influence of ultraviolet radiation of various ranges on the growth and productivity of vegetable crops. (Materials and methods) Authors considered the reactions of plants caused by ultraviolet radiation of various ranges. The article presents analyzed data from literature on the development of methods of UV exposure to vegetable crops. (Results and discussion) Authors studied the mechanism of UV radiation influence on the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. It was found that UV-B radiation has a positive effect on the concentration of pigments, growth and productivity of plants; UV-C radiation inhibits the growth of most plants; UV-A radiation increases the content of pigments in leaves, but does not affect the growth dynamics. It was found that the action mechanism is explained by oxidative stress in plant cells, which is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of plants. (Conclusions) It was found that a promising variant of exposure-irradiation of plants with low-intensity UV-B radiation can increase the productivity of vegetable crops and the content of antioxidants in them.