Absorption of primary macronutrients and soybean growth at different compactation densities and moisture levels in a silt loam soil

Romano Roberto Valicheski,Sidnei Leandro K.Stürmer,David José Miquelutti,Suzi Mari Brandelero,Antonio Luis Tramonti,Marcos Cesar Franzão

doi:10.1590/0034-737x201663020014

Romano Roberto Valicheski, Sidnei Leandro K.Stürmer + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201663020014

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Soybean cultivation is increasing rapidly in the region of Alto Vale do Itajaí, State of Santa Catarina, where there is a predominance of silt soils. The objective of this work was to evaluate the content of primary macronutrients in shoots and shoot and root vegetative growth of soybean (Glicine max L. Merrill) grown in a silt-loam soil under different compactation densities and moisture levels. A randomized block design in a 4x4 factorial arrangement was used, with four compactation densities: 1.00; 1.20; 1.40 and 1.60 Mg m-3, and four soil moisture levels: 0.130; 0.160; 0.190 and 0.220 kg kg-1 and four replications. Each pot consisted of the overlapping of three 150-mm PVC rings, where soil was maintained in the higher and lower part of the pot with a density of 1.00 Mg m-3 and in the intermediate ring, the compactation densities were increased. Values of soil density higher than 120 Mg m-3 negatively affected N, P and K uptake by soybean plants, as well as the plant mass of the shoots and roots. The higher levels of soil moisture reduced the compaction effect and promoted better absorption of P and K.

Highlights

In Brazil, soybean is one of the principal oilseed plants grown under no-tillage system (NTS)
The isolated effect of the factor soil moisture on the biometric variables (Table 2) was more significant for number of leaves (NL), number of branches (NB), stem diameter (SD) and dry matter of the shoot (DMS) than for plant height (PH), where a significant linear decrease was found for each level tested
The isolated effect of the factor soil density for the variables number of leaves, number of branches, plant height, stem diameter and fresh mass of the shoot was expressed in a linear reduction as levels of soil compactation increased (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

In Brazil, soybean is one of the principal oilseed plants grown under no-tillage system (NTS). In this form of farming, during spraying and harvesting, a period when intense rainfall is often observed, there is a significant traffic of machines, while the soil is with high humidity, leading to soil compaction and, reduction of crop yield (Beutler et al, 2006). The increase in soil density from 1.00 Mg m-3 to 1.60 Mg m-3 resulted in the reduction of 26, 82 and 61% of the total of these elements accumulated by the plants, respectively

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