Absorption of Nickel, Chromium, and Iron by the Root Surface of Primary Molars Covered with Stainless Steel Crowns

David Keinan,Eliyahu Mass,Uri Zilberman

doi:10.1155/2010/326124

David Keinan, Eliyahu Mass + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/326124

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Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this study was to analyze the absorption of metal ions released from stainless steel crowns by root surface of primary molars. Study Design. Laboratory research: The study included 34 primary molars, exfoliated or extracted during routine dental treatment. 17 molars were covered with stainless-steel crowns for more than two years and compared to 17 intact primary molars. Chemical content of the mesial or distal root surface, 1 mm apically to the crown or the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), was analyzed. An energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) was used for chemical analysis. Results. Higher amounts of nickel, chromium, and iron (5-6 times) were found in the cementum of molars covered with stainless-steel crowns compared to intact molars. The differences between groups were highly significant (P < .001). Significance. Stainless-steel crowns release nickel, chromium, and iron in oral environment, and the ions are absorbed by the primary molars roots. The additional burden of allergenic metals should be reduced if possible.

Highlights

Nickel sensitivity is common and increasing in prevalence
The study group consisted of 17 primary molars covered with stainless steel crowns due to extensive loss of tooth material
The most prevalent elements found in the cementum of teeth covered by stainless steel crowns (SSC) and intact primary molars were calcium, phosphate, oxygen, and carbon with no significant differences between the primary molars covered with SSCs and intact primary molars

Summary

Introduction

Nickel sensitivity is common and increasing in prevalence. Nickel was named the “contact allergen of the year” in 2008 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) because of its significant public health importance [1]. Nickel has been the most frequently detected allergen in patch-test populations worldwide, and in North America the prevalence of nickel sensitivity has been increasing steadily since the mid-1980s [2]. Contact dermatitis to nickel can significantly limit an individual’s lifestyle, and allergy to nickel has health implications because of the use of nickel in implanted medical devices and in dentistry. All soil contains nickel and it is accumulated in plants. It is found in meteorites and on the ocean floor and is emitted from volcanoes. Small amounts of nickel are naturally found in drinking water and food.

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