Abstract
A method is described for the kinetic study of reactions in which the concentration of one reactant is held essentially constant by addition of that reactant throughout the course of the reaction; this condition of constancy is attained by maintaining the solution absorbance, which is made a function of reactant concentration, at a constant value. This technique, the absorbance-stat method, is exemplified by alkaline ester hydrolysis, an acid-base indicator being added to the solution. By titrating with alkali to keep the absorbance of the indicator constant, the hydroxideion concentration is held constant. The principles of this technique are developed, and the method is compared with the conventional pH-stat procedure. The second-order rate constants of alkaline hydrolysis of methyl and ethyl acetates have been determined. The method is satisfactorily accurate and precise.
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