Abstract
BackgroundTraumatic haemarthrosis was hypothesized to be the etiology of temporomandibular (TMJ) ankylosis. Here, taking haematoma absorbance as a control, we aimed to reveal the molecular mechanisms involved in haematoma organizing into ankylosis using transcriptome microarray profiles.Material/methodsDisk removal was performed to building haematoma absorbance (HA) in one side of TMJ, while removal of disk and articular fibrous layers was performed to induced TMJ ankylosis through haematoma organization (HO) in the contralateral side in a sheep model. Haematoma tissues harvested at days 1, 4 and 7 postoperatively were examined by histology, and analyzed by Affymetrix OviGene-1_0-ST microarrays. The DAVID were recruited to perform the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis for the different expression genes (DEGs). The DEGs were also typed into protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks to get the interaction data. Six significant genes screened from PPI analysis, were confirmed by real-time PCR.ResultsWe found 268, 223 and 17 DEGs at least twofold at days 1, 4 and 7, respectively. At day 1, genes promoting collagen ossification (POSTN, BGN, LUM, SPARC), cell proliferation (TGF-β), and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (BMP-2) were up-regulated in the HO side. At day 4, several genes involved in angiogenesis (KDR, FIT1, TEK) shower higher expression in the HO side. While HA was characterized by a continuous immune and inflammatory reaction.ConclusionsOur results provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of haematoma in the onset and progress of TMJ ankylosis. The study will contribute to explaining why few injured TMJs ankylose and most do not from the molecular level.
Highlights
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis refers to bone or fibrous adhesion of the anatomic joint components with the ensuing progressive limitation of mouth opening [1]
Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of haematoma in the onset and pro‐ gress of TMJ ankylosis
Disk removal was performed on one side, which has been shown to present as haematoma absorbance (HA) and the ensuing TMJ osteoarthritis, and removal of disk and articular fibrous layers was performed on the contralateral side, which has been shown to support hematoma organization (HO) and produce TMJ fibro-osseous ankylosis [7]
Summary
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis refers to bone or fibrous adhesion of the anatomic joint components with the ensuing progressive limitation of mouth opening [1]. The arthroscopic examination of 20 patients with acute TMJ trauma demonstrated that haemarthrosis rapidly spontaneously resolved by 5–7 days [6]. These results indicated that haemarthrosis alone was not sufficient for the formation of ankylosis. We found that experimental haemarthrosis induced by discectomy resolved and no TMJ ankylosis occurred 3 months postoperatively in a sheep model [7, 8]. Material/methods: Disk removal was performed to building haematoma absorbance (HA) in one side of TMJ, while removal of disk and articular fibrous layers was performed to induced TMJ ankylosis through haematoma organization (HO) in the contralateral side in a sheep model. Six significant genes screened from PPI analysis, were confirmed by real-time PCR
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