Abstract
Objectives: As of June 1, 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic and resulted in over 370,000 deaths worldwide. Early identification of COVID-19 patients who need to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) helps to improve the outcomes. We aim to investigate whether absolute eosinophil count (AEC) can predict ICU transfer among elderly COVID-19 patients from general isolation wards.Methods: A retrospective study of 94 elderly patients older than 60 years old with COVID-19 was conducted. We compared the basic clinical characteristics and levels of inflammation markers on admission to general isolation wards and the needs for ICU transfer between the eosinopenia (AEC on admission <20 cells/μl) and non-eosinopenia (AEC ≥20 cells/μl) groups.Results: There was a significantly higher ICU transfer rate in the eosinopenia group than in the non-eosinopenia group (51 vs. 9%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that eosinopenia was associated with an increased risk of ICU transfer in elderly COVID-19 patients [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 6.12 (95% CI, 1.23–30.33), P = 0.027] after adjustment of age, lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin levels. The eosinopenia group had higher levels of CRP, ferritin, and cytokines [interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] than the non-eosinophil group (P < 0.001). The area under the curve of AEC on admission for predicting ICU transfer among elderly COVID-19 patients was 0.828 (95% CI, 0.732–0.923). The best cut-off value of AEC was 25 cells/μl with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 71%, respectively.Conclusion: Absolute eosinophil count on admission is a valid predictive marker for ICU transfer among elderly COVID-19 patients from general isolation wards and, therefore, can help case triage and optimize ICU utilization, especially for health care facilities with limited ICU capacity.
Highlights
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been spreading worldwide with over 6 million cases and more than 370,000 deaths by June 1, 2020 [1, 2]
It is implied that elderly COVID-19 patients are more likely to have critical progression, which poses a major challenge in health care facilities with limited intensive care unit (ICU) capacity [4, 5]
Electronic medical records of 143 COVID-19 patients older than 60 years old were collected by two physicians from four general isolation wards
Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been spreading worldwide with over 6 million cases and more than 370,000 deaths by June 1, 2020 [1, 2]. It is implied that elderly COVID-19 patients are more likely to have critical progression, which poses a major challenge in health care facilities with limited ICU capacity [4, 5]. Early discrimination of elderly COVID-19 patients with ICU requirement remains challenging in clinics. The traditional inflammation markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) [6], ferritin [7], and cytokines [8], are considered as predictive markers for COVID-19 severity. These inflammation indicators are usually expensive and timeconsuming [9]. A cost-effective, convenient, and fast predictive marker for severe elderly patients with COVID-19 is highly demanded during this pandemic
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