Abstract
Absolute cross sections for single and double ionization of helium have been measured for highly charged (24<or=q<or=92) and fast (3.6 MeV u-1<or=Ep<or=1 GeV u-1) heavy-ion impact. The ratios of double-to-single ionization are found to deviate drastically from the prediction of first-order theories: in the strong perturbation regime they fall below the scaling of Knudsen et al. (1984) even for 120 MeV u-1 U91+ impact, whereas a strong increase by a factor of 3 relative to this semi-empirical prediction is observed in the regime of low perturbations for 0.5 and 1 GeV u-1 Kr36+ impact.
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