Absolute Bioavailability, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of Erinacine S in Hericium erinaceus Mycelia.

Jun-Hao Hu,Ting-Wei Lin,I-Chen Li,Wan-Ping Chen,Chia-Feng Kuo,Chin-Chu Chen,Li-Ya Lee

doi:10.3390/molecules24081624

Abstract

Erinacine S, so far known to have been produced only in Hericium erinaceus mycelia, has just recently been discovered and is able to reduce amyloid plaque growth and improve neurogenesis in aged brain of rats. However, few investigations have been conducted on the absorption, distribution, and excretion study of Erinacine S. This study aimed to investigate the absolute bioavailability, tissue distribution, and excretion of Erinacine S in H. Erinaceus mycelia in eight-week old Sprague-Dawley rats. After oral administration and intravenous administration of 2.395 g/kg body weight of the H. erinaceus mycelia extract (equivalent to 50 mg/kg body weight Erinacine S) and 5 mg/kg of Erinacine S, respectively, the absolute bioavailability was estimated as 15.13%. In addition, Erinacine S was extensively distributed in organs such as brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The maximum concentration of Erinacine S was observed in the stomach, 2 h after the oral administration of H. erinaceus mycelia extract, whereas the maximum amount of Erinacine S found in other tissues were seen after 8 h. Total amount of unconverted Erinacine S eliminated in feces and urine in 24 h was 0.1% of the oral dosage administrated. This study is the first to show that Erinacine S can penetrate the blood–brain barrier of rats and thus support the development of H. erinaceus mycelia, for the treatment of neurological diseases.

Highlights

Hericium erinaceus, known as the lion’s mane mushroom, hou tou gu, or yamabushitake, is an edible mushroom with medicinal values that has a long history of usage in EasternAsia [1]
Data expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 6). This was the first report on the pharmacokinetic studies of Erinacine S in biological samples, following the oral administration of the H. erinaceus mycelia extract and intravenous injection of Erinacine S
The maximum concentration of Erinacine S was observed in the stomach 2 h, following oral administration of the H. erinaceus mycelia extract, whereas the maximum amount of Erinacine S found in other tissues were seen after 8 h

Summary

Introduction

Known as the lion’s mane mushroom, hou tou gu, or yamabushitake, is an edible mushroom with medicinal values that has a long history of usage in EasternAsia [1]. H. erinaceus has been shown to prevent ischemia injury [12], Alzheimer’s disease [13], Parkinson’s disease [14], and depression [15] in animal models. This mushroom has attracted attention for clinical experiments and development of functional foods, due to its potential health benefits. Molecules 2019, 24, 1624 attention for clinical experiments and development of functional foods, due to its potential health benefits.

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