Abstract
AbstractPrevious research into surcharged manholes has highlighted the existence of a threshold surcharge level that separates two distinctly-different hydraulic regimes. Sharp changes in manhole energy loss and solute transport characteristics occur when the surcharge depth passes through the threshold level. With respect to solute transport, two scale-independent cumulative residence time distributions (CRTDs) have been identified, corresponding to the below-threshold and above-threshold hydraulic regimes. However, previous studies focused on large diameter manholes, in which the manhole diameter (Φm) was at least 4.4 times greater than the pipe diameter (Φp). This paper utilizes a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling approach to explore the hydraulic behavior and mixing processes in small-diameter surcharged manholes (1.5<Φm/Φp<4.4). It is shown that the hydraulic threshold does not exist in the small diameter manholes; instead, the flow field is characterized by short-circuiting throu...
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