About the use of antibiotics as a prevention of inflammatory complications in patients during dental implantation

Abstract

Dentists often resort to systemic antibiotics to minimize the risk of inflammatory complications when performing dental implant surgery Literature data are ambiguous: a number of studies prove the need for systemic prescription of antibiotics for dental implantation, others say that antibiotic prophylaxis is an excessive measure that does not affect the outcome of treatment when other aseptic and antiseptic rules are followed.
 Materials and methods. The search was carried out on the online platforms Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, ResearchGate, Online library, Elibrary. For the review, a search was performed on articles, mainly from the last 10 years, using randomization of patients, with a minimum follow-up period of 1 year. We compared 3 strategies for patient management: without antibiotic prophylaxis, using a prophylactic dose of the antibiotic amoxicillin, using a prolonged dose of amoxicillin. Clinical signs of wound healing, general well-being of the patient were assessed.
 Results. It has been shown in clinical practice that prescribing antibiotics at the time of dental implant placement is recommended, as this approach increases the likelihood of success and makes treatment more effective, but attention should be paid to rational antibiotic prescribing, with an adequate number of days of drug administration, to reduce the likelihood of the formation of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms and minimize side effects. Most scientific studies indicate that the appointment of an antibiotic in the postoperative period does not increase the effectiveness of treatment in a contingent of patients without a burdened anamnesis.
 Conclusion. The results of the research allow to substantiate the advantages of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis carried out before the dental implantation. A prophylactic dose of the antibiotic amoxicillin is the dominant approach for the prevention of early inflammatory complications of dental implantation. The wider use of microbiological diagnostic methods (including PCR diagnostics) to identify the carriage of representatives of periodontopathogenic bacteria in preparing a patient for dental implant surgery allows optimizing the indications. In this case, perioperative prophylaxis should be recognized as necessary.