About the history of the Moscow Clinic of Nervous Diseases named after A.Ya. Kozhevnikov

Abstract

The history of the development of the Moscow neurological school in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. is, in essence, the history of the clinic of nervous diseases named after A.Ya. Kozhevnikov Moscow Medical Academy named after I.M. Sechenov. The teaching of nervous and mental diseases began at the departments of pathology and therapy of Moscow University, headed by the most prominent clinicians M.Ya. Mudrov, I.E. Dyadkovsky, I.V. Varvinsky, I.T. Glebov and A.I. Polunin long before the creation of a neurological clinic. The new university charter of 1863, among others, provided for the organization of a clinic for nervous and mental diseases, and therefore in the same year the medical faculty recommended A.Ya. Kozhevnikov as a worthy candidate for heading a new department or course of nervous and mental diseases. According to the traditions of A.Ya. Kozhevnikov in 1866 was sent abroad for 3 years. He worked in clinics and laboratories headed by the largest specialists in neuropsychiatry and physiologists (J.-M. Charcot, V. Grisinger, E. Dubois-Raymond, etc.). During this period A.Ya. Kozhevnikov performed several independent histological studies. In 1869, the university council elected A.Ya. Kozhevnikov for the position of Associate Professor of Nervous Diseases and Psychiatry. In the summer of 1869, after returning from an overseas business trip, he headed the independent department of nervous and mental diseases created for the first time in the world and already in December submitted to the dean A.I. Polunin, a curriculum for teaching nervous diseases and psychiatry, began to give a course of lectures on nervous and mental diseases and to conduct practical classes on nervous diseases.