Abstract
The high load on electrified lines makes tougher the requirements for the reliability and maintainability of power supply devices. Insulators are a critical element of the overhead contact network, and great attention is paid to improving their characteristics — electrical and mechanical strength. Advantages of polymer insulators in comparison with traditional ones made of porcelain and glass are generally recognized: manufacturability, low weight, compactness, ease of installation and transportation, high mechanical strength and shock resistance.The article presents the results of comprehensive studies of the electrophysical characteristics of fiberglass rods and bars made of AG-4S carried out by the University of Railway Engineers (MIIT), which were used in the developed polymer structures of the contact network. Recommendations are given on the maintenance of fiberglass rods and bars from AG-4S and their engineering support. The issues of the mechanical strength of polymer insulators of the overhead contact network are covered quite fully, therefore, this article offers the basic principles for calculating their electrical strength. The main requirements for modern polymer insulators and design features are briefly presented for each type: suspended, tension, cantilever, fixing and supporting.
Highlights
Insulators are a critical element of the overhead contact network, and great attention is paid to improving their characteristics — electrical and mechanical strength
Advantages of polymer insulators in comparison with traditional ones made of porcelain and glass are generally recognized: manufacturability, low weight, compactness, ease of installation and transportation, high mechanical strength and shock resistance
The article presents the results of comprehensive studies of the electrophysical characteristics of fiberglass rods and bars made of AG-4S carried out by the University of Railway Engineers (MIIT), which were used in the developed polymer structures of the contact network
Summary
Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет транспорта» (ФГАОУ ВО «РУТ» (МИИТ)), Москва, 127994, Россия. В статье приведены результаты комплексных исследований, выполненных МИИТ, электрофизических характеристик стеклопластиковых стержней и брусков из АГ-4С, которые использовались в разработанных полимерных конструкциях контактной сети. Вопросы механической прочности полимерных изоляторов контактной сети освещены достаточно полно, поэтому в этой статье предложены основные принципы расчета их электрической прочности. В качестве материалов для изоляторов контактной сети электрифицированных железных дорог наиболее широкое применение имели фарфор и стекло. Срок службы полимерных изолирующих конструкций должен быть не менее 25 лет; он определяется характеристиками материалов, из которых изоляторы изготавливают [1, 6, 7]. Вероятность безотказной работы P (t ) полимерных изолирующих конструкций контактной сети должна быть не менее значения, определяемого из выражения. Где λ т — удельная (эффективная) длина пути тока утечки для полимерных изоляторов контактной сети (см/кВ);. Как указывается в [10, 15, 16], положительно сказывается на электрической прочности изолятора при его загрязненном состоянии
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