ABOUT SOME THEORETICAL POSITIONS, ASSESSMENT AND INVESTIGATION OF HAZARDOUS NATURAL PROCESSES AT ENGINEERING-ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS

Abstract

Abstract: four provisions were considered as initial theoretical positions: 1) the influence of dangerous natural and anthropogenic processes on biota is determined by the geodynamic ecological functions of the abiotic spheres of the Earth - the lithosphere, atmosphere and surface hydrosphere; 2) all the dangerous natural processes occurring on Earth are geological; in accordance with the classification of natural sciences and types of engineering surveys, they are divided into two groups — geological and hydrometeorological; 3) the object of study of ecological-dynamic research are these dangerous processes and geodynamic zones and anomalies; 4) the question of purposeful classification of natural processes in relation to the problems of engineering-ecological works. The significant difficulties and uncertainties in the assessment of hazard categories of natural processes are shown. Because of this, not every manifestation of a dangerous process, even catastrophic in its intensity, is accompanied by human casualties, the complete destruction of ecosystems. These uncertainties include: 1) the uncertainty of the time and intensity of the manifestation of the considered dangerous geological process for the living; 2) the probability of cascading manifestations of hazardous processes; 3) the need to take into account the propensity of such processes to paragenesis, which most often forms the geodynamic background of a territory and determines the contribution of the processes to its ecological situation; 4) the probability of manifestation of the danger of natural processes also depends on the population density and the degree of development of the territory; 5) the need to take into account the scientific and technical level of development of the society, reflecting the degree of development of the system of forecasting, warnings and prevention of possible disasters. It is shown that taking into account these uncertainties of assessing the impact of hazardous natural processes on the ecosystem and human is a complex task and requires an individual approach not only to the process, but also to the territory.