Abstract
The permeability of clay layers is highly dependent upon its structure. The leakage may vary by magnitude from structures with edge-to-face interaction (card-house) to highly compressed structures of parallel-lying platelets. Therefore the selection and application mode of clays is a decisive step in sealing of waste deposits. Independent of the clay fabric the permeability is also affected by constituent seeping through the clay layers. heavy metal ions and highly charged cations, e.g. Al 3+ or Fe 3+, contract the interlayer space of swelling montmorillonites, thus increasing the permeability. Clay sealing of waste deposits would be most effective in case of 3-layer-arrangement: organophilic montmorillonite for the sorption of non-aqueous constituents from the deposit or biological degradation thereof, sodium montmorillonite as a highly swollen water sealing layer and calcium montmorillonite for compensation of changes in thickness and permeability of the two layers above.
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