Abstract
The article is devoted to the study of the features of the approach to the study of the linguistic personality in modern linguistics. The term linguistic personality is being developed by many scientists and is firmly established in the science of language. It is assumed that it happens due to the anthropological orientation of linguistics today. The multilevel and complexity of the problem is determined by the fact that in modern linguistics there is still no defined approach to the definition of this term. The variety of interpretations of this concept is due to various aspects of its study, characteristics and comparison (comparison with a communicative, speech personality, etc.). The presence of many interpretations indicates the ambiguity of the term, as well as the desire of linguists to avoid polysemy, which is undesirable for the terminological apparatus of the language. Nevertheless, it is noted that the appearance of the concept of a linguistic personality and its active development played a huge role in the further development of linguistics, led to the emergence of many related sciences at the junction of linguistics and other areas of scientific knowledge. The article examines and analyzes the various approaches to the typology of linguistic personalities existing in linguistics. In the course of the study, it was revealed that in modern linguistics, researchers take the speech strategies of the individual, the national principle, age, sex, the principle of individuality / collectivity, etc. as the basis for the classification of types of linguistic personality. Despite the presence of a large number of approaches to the definition of the concept of a linguistic personality, the authors of the article, having analyzed modern concepts for the definition, study and classification of types of a linguistic personality, revealed that the most developed and generally recognized among them is the three-level model of a linguistic personality proposed by the linguist Yu. N. Karaulov in the monograph "Russian language and linguistic personality" (1987), according to which the researcher proposes to study the linguistic personality at the verbal-semantic, linguo-cognitive and pragmatic levels.
Highlights
At present, the humanities, including linguistics, are characterized by an ever-growing interest in the problem of studying the human personality, that is, they are characterized by a pronounced anthropocentricity
Modern linguistics is characterized by attention to the fact of human interaction as a representative of a certain society with the language that he uses, as a result of which a social and speech portrait of a person as a whole is created
It is no coincidence that in modern linguistics there are many works devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the linguistic personality of various spheres of human activity: this is the linguistic personality of a politician, a writer, a schoolchild, a student, a person studying foreign languages
Summary
The humanities, including linguistics, are characterized by an ever-growing interest in the problem of studying the human personality, that is, they are characterized by a pronounced anthropocentricity. In this regard, one of the central concepts of linguistics is becoming "linguistic personality", and one of the urgent tasks of modern science is the study of the personality who creates the text. The concept of a linguistic personality has become a full-fledged object of study of linguistics. The breadth of approaches to the definition of this term, the variety of research principles (national, cognitive, communicative, pragmatic, linguoculturological aspects), as well as methods of classification of types (typology) of a linguistic personality indicate the great interest of linguists in the problems of a comprehensive description and analysis of a linguistic personality. Turning to the study of the specifics of a particular person's speech, taking into account his cognitive and pragmatic intentions, is one of the most developing areas of modern linguistics
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