About plant species potentially promising for phytoextraction of large amounts of toxic trace elements.

Abstract

There is no information yet about plant species capable of accumulating many different metals/metalloids. The plants feasible for phytoremediation aims must grow fast, have high biomass, deep roots, and should accumulate and tolerate a range of toxicants in their aerial parts. In our research, greenhouse and field experiments have been performed to investigate accumulation and tolerance of not well-studied trace elements such as Br, Eu, Sc, Th (and also U) in couch grass and wheat. We compared bioaccumulation abilities of the plants with those of some other plant species grown under the same conditions. Additionally, we tested the effects of inoculation of seeds with Cellulomonas bacteria on phytoextraction of the trace elements from contaminated soils. For determination of elements, we used neutron activation analysis and ICP-MS. It was found that couch grass and wheat can grow in heavily contaminated soils and accumulate different toxic trace elements to levels that exceed physiological requirements typical for most plant species. Infection of seeds with bacteria resulted in a significant increase in the uptake of various trace elements and their translocation to upper plant parts. The use of couch grass and/or wheat, either alone or in combination with microorganisms, is a promising way to phytoextract metals/metalloids from contaminated soils.