Abstract
We describe the copper valence in superconductors based on our arguments on La2O3 crystal structure. In order to explain the two oxygen sites in La2O3, it has been supposed that O 1−II ions occupy the tetrahedral site while O 2−II occupy the octahedral site. Oxygen ions in tetrahedral site form a covalent bond with lanthanum, which can be written [LaO]1+. Considering the chemical and crystallographic properties of Tl and Bi compounds, [TlO]1+ and [BiO]1+ groups appear as defined by strong covalent bonds between Bi or Tl and O. This leads to the supposition that the four oxygen ions which coordinate to copper in Tl and Bi copper oxide-based superconductors are O 1−II ions. The bivalent character of copper is then obtained through covalent bonds. For La2−x Sr x O4 compounds, copper is supposed to have valence three, but spectroscopic studies point out bivalent copper. We show that krypton shell of Sr is responsible for the lack of one unit of valence as expected from krypton compounds for example KrF2.
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