About chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency caused by cardiac pathology (literature review)

Abstract

The widespread introduction of cardiological diagnostic methods in clinical angioneurology has significantly enriched the data on the role of cardiovascular diseases in the development of cerebrovascular pathology. Various cardiac disorders play a significant role in the development of cardioembolic and haemodynamic ischaemic strokes. It has been scientifically proven that chronic heart failure, along with hypertension, is a risk factor for the occurrence of a chronic form of cerebrovascular disease — chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. The characteristic feature of all types of cardiovascular insufficiency is the inability of the circulatory system to deliver to the organs, systems, tissues, including the brain, the amount of blood necessary for their normal functioning, both at rest and especially during exertion. In their daily practice, neurologists encounter patients with chronic heart failure and symptoms of cerebrovascular disease (memory loss, reduced performance, depression). Underestimation of these conditions can result in a shortened life due to irreversible damage to target organs (heart, brain, kidneys). In the absence of adequate treatment, death is possible within the first 5 years after the onset of heart failure. The degree of disease progression depends on many factors: clinical and pathogenetic variant of chronic heart failure, the rate of the pathological process, the presence of myocardial damage and remodeling, complications from target organs. In this article, we tried to analyse the literature data of domestic and foreign authors on the pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic heart failure, the impact on its development and the course of its complications, and, above all, brain damage in the form of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency.