Abstract
Numerous examples of A or B subgroup alleles have been described in many geographical and ethnic groups. To analyse the phenotypic and genotypic basis of some ABO subgroups in Korea, a large‐scale study was performed on 169 605 samples from Korean blood donors. The overall incidence of ABO subgroups was 0·13% (227/169,605) in this donor population. Based on genotyping and/or serologic typing, the subgroups identified were as follows: A2B (n = 120), A2B3 (n = 36), A1B3 (n = 22), A2 (n = 13), B3 (n = 13), AintB3 (n = 6) and others (n = 17). Amongst these individuals with ABO subgroups, 26·4% (60/227) demonstrated a cis‐AB01 allele. It has been reported that the Korean population has several unique ABO subgroups (Aw10, Aw14 and B306) showing allelic competition or allelic enhancement. Several congenital blood chimaeras have been also found when studying individuals with ABO subgroups. Like ABO subgroups showing the allelic enhancement and allelic competition, chimaerism is also an important cause of ABO phenotype–genotype discrepancies when implementing DNA‐based blood grouping techniques. To understand the pattern of A and B antigen expression amongst donors with subtype alleles, flow cytometric analysis of ABO antigen expression on HeLa cells transfected with plasmids containing various mutants was used, in addition to ABO genotyping.
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