Abstract
BackgroundBlood type has been associated with the risk of gastric cancer, but few studies have examined the association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsWe conducted a case-control study using genotyping data of Chinese individuals, including cases of 2022 ESCC, 1189 gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, 1161 gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma, and 2696 controls. Genetic blood type was imputed using three single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used logistic regression to examine the association between blood type and the risk of each cancer.ResultsCompared to blood type O, the risk of ESCC was significantly elevated for blood type B and AB, with the highest risk for type AB (OR, 95%CI: 1.34, 1.07–1.67). Analysis of genotype suggested that the association of ESCC was from carrying the B allele. Similarly, blood type was significantly associated with gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (P < 0.001) with risk significantly elevated in type A (1.37, 1.14–1.65) and AB (1.44, 1.10–1.89) compared to type O. Blood type was not associated with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (P = 0.13).ConclusionsThis study provides novel insights into the association between blood type and the risk of ESCC and restricted previously observed association to only gastric noncardia cancer, providing important evidence to clarify the pattern of association and suggesting mechanisms of action.
Highlights
Blood type has been associated with the risk of gastric cancer, but few studies have examined the association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)
Despite a long history of research in gastric cancer, few studies have examined the association between ABO blood type and the risk of esophageal cancer [7,8,9]
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between ABO blood type and the risk of three upper gastrointestinal cancers—ESCC, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma—using genotyping data from five epidemiologic studies of subjects of Chinese ethnicity
Summary
Blood type has been associated with the risk of gastric cancer, but few studies have examined the association with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A case-control study using genotyping data from a Japanese population found an increased risk of gastric cancer from carrying the A allele and a decrease in risk from carrying the B allele [3]. Both epidemiologic and genome-wide association studies have demonstrated distinct patterns for gastric cancer when the stomach is divided into the cardia (the most proximal few centimeters of the organ) and the noncardia (the remainder of the stomach) [4,5,6], suggesting a need for separating gastric cancer by anatomic subsite in etiologic studies.
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