Abstract
After a COVID-19 outbreak in the Falles festival of Borriana (Spain) during March 2020, a cohort of patients were followed until October 2020 to estimate complications post-COVID-19, considering ABO blood groups (ABO). From 536 laboratory-confirmed cases, 483 completed the study (90.1%) carried by the Public Health Center of Castelló and the Emergency and Microbiology and Clinical Analysis of Hospital de la Plana Vila-real. The study included ABO determination and telephone interviews of patients. The participants had a mean age of 37.2 ± 17.1 years, 300 females (62.1%). ABO were O (41.4%), A (45.5%), B (9.1%), and AB (3.9%). We found no difference in the incidence of COVID-19 infections. A total of 159 (32.9%) patients reported one or more post-COVID-19 complications with divergent incidences after adjustment: O (32.3%), A (32.6%), B (54.1%), and AB (27.6%); B groups had more complications post-COVID-19 when compared with O group (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68, 95% CI 1.24–2.27), and symptoms of fatigue (1.79, 95% CI 1.08–2.95), myalgia (2.06, 95% CI 1.10–3.84), headache (2.61, 95% CI 1.58–4.31), and disorder of vision (4.26 95% CI 1.33–13.60). In conclusion, we observed significant differences in post-COVID-19 complications by ABO, with a higher incidence in B group. Additional research is justified to confirm our results.
Highlights
Ongoing symptomatology in COVID-19 patients after the acute phase of the illness is frequent
We performed the first study of the COVID-19 outbreak during May–June 2020 through a serological survey and questionnaire interview [25]; we included 1338 people in the study, and we found 570 COVID-19 patients with 536 patients, laboratory-confirmed tests: electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) (Elecsys®, Mannheim, Germany, Anti-SARS-CoV-2, Roche Diagnostics) [27], in 514 patients, lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIC), in 15 patients, and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 39 patients [25]
We found no appreciable differences among ABO by demographic, lifestyle, and COVID-19 exposure
Summary
Ongoing symptomatology in COVID-19 patients after the acute phase of the illness is frequent. It has been characterized as a syndrome of long or persistent COVID, affecting both children and adults [1,2,3]. Many potential factors have been considered [4,5] Among these factors, the ABO blood groups (ABO) are being studied with intensity [6,7,8,9], and it has been recommended to determine the ABO of COVID-19 patients to improve medical care [10]. Large and well-designed studies have not found that the ABO blood groups are a risk factor for COVID-19 infection or severity [17,18]
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