Abstract
Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) development has been associated with the presence of causative microorganisms, host immunity and risk factors, whereas the types of periodontal diseases are characterized by interactions between host and bacteria. Moreover, ABO blood groups are the most investigated erythrocyte antigen system. However, a small number of researches have been focused on the possible associations between ABO blood groups and periodontal diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study was carried out on 854 individuals, 404 males and 450 females, aged 45 to 77. The study sample was interviewed and underwent an oral and dental clinical examination. The assessment of the possible associations between several indices of PD, such as Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL) and Bleeding on Probing (BOP) as dependent variables and ABO blood groups A, B, AB, and O as independent ones was carried out by using a multiple regression analysis model. Results: Individuals with blood group A [OR= 2.94, 95% CI = 1.27-3.96] and B [OR= 2.66, 95% CI = 1.11-3.87] were significantly associated with the risk of developing deeper periodontal pockets (PPD) and worse values of attachment loss (CAL) [OR= 2.42, 95% CI= 1.37-3.85] and [OR= 2.31,95% CI=1.25-3.68], respectively. However, no significant associations were recorded between ABO blood groups and BOP [OR= 1.04, 95% CI= 0.92-1.18]. Conclusion: A significant association was revealed between A and B blood groups and deeper periodontal pockets and worse attachment loss, whereas no associations were observed between ABO blood groups and bleeding of probing.
Highlights
Periodontal disease (PD) development has been associated with the presence of causative microorganisms, host immunity and risk factors, whereas the types of periodontal diseases are characterized by interactions between host and bacteria
Dental plaque accumulation is the main etiologic factor; genetic factors seem to play an important role in PD pathogenesis [1]
The study size was estimated considering the PD prevalence determined by Hyman et al [29], with 90% confidence interval and relative precision 20.0%, whereas the age group was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations [30,31] for assessing disease prevalence
Summary
Periodontal disease (PD) development has been associated with the presence of causative microorganisms, host immunity and risk factors, whereas the types of periodontal diseases are characterized by interactions between host and bacteria. One of those factors is the ABO blood group and it would be important to investigate if the antigens of the ABO blood group have somehow increased the susceptibility to the PD. An increasing number of researchers have recorded that the ABO blood group is involved in several disorders and pathological condition as it has already mentioned and the possible link between ABO blood group and susceptibility to chronic disease as an example of genetic basis for family predisposition, has been investigated [4]. To be more specific an association between inherited human ABO blood group antigens with diseases such as coronary heart disease [5], ischemic stroke [6,7] and several types of malignancies [2,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15] has been recorded
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