Abstract
Thromboembolic diseases are usually inherited in the family. The tendency to repeat in an individual is a phenomenon that allows it to be studied. The inheritance and recurrence of thromboembolic diseases, of course, have individual risk factors for this occurrence. In the past, the ABO blood group was only needed for transfusion and organ transplant therapy. Over time, scientists think that blood type is a risk factor for certain diseases, including thromboembolism. Many studies divide between type O and non-O blood groups, both of which are distinguished by the presence of antigens on the cell surface and antibodies in the plasma of individuals. Type O does not have A, B antigens but has antibodies against A, B antigens, and vice versa for the non-O type. Many studies have shown that the non-O blood group has a risk factor for thromboembolic diseases, commonly due to higher levels of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII (FVIII). These thromboembolic events can occur in arteries or venous. Thromboembolic manifestations are often associated with cardiovascular diseases for arterial thrombosis; and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) for venous thromboembolism (VTE).
Highlights
The known blood types in the population are A, B, AB, and O
Like inherited thrombophilic factors, non-O blood types are responsible for a moderate increase in the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and, ABO blood group testing is recommended in individuals with thrombophilia to assess risk thrombotic [7]
ABO blood type is important in relation to von Willebrand factor (VWF) and FVII levels because in turn confer a clear risk of increased VTE especially in non-O blood groups which provide a higher increase
Summary
The known blood types in the population are A, B, AB, and O. In three studies in which blood type genotypes were performed, the combination A1 A1/A1 B/BB gave an odds ratio of 2.44 (95% CI 1.79–3.33), while the odds ratio for A1 O/BO/A2 B was 2.11 (95% CI 1.66–2.68), suggesting that the risk is related to the expression of the O(H) antigen [7] These results are similar to the study of Spiezia et al in a retrospective case–control study conducted on Italian patients with DVT and controls, which found that non-O blood group increased the risk of DVT by 2.2-fold than individuals with group O. An up to the 7-fold increased risk of VTE was observed when the condition inherited thrombophilic (factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A mutations, antithrombin, protein C and protein S deficiency) were associated with non-O blood group carriers compared with non-thrombophilic group-O carriers [4]. Like inherited thrombophilic factors (i.e., factor V Leiden and the prothrombin G20210A mutation), non-O blood types are responsible for a moderate increase in the risk of VTE, and, ABO blood group testing is recommended in individuals with thrombophilia to assess risk thrombotic [7]
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