Abnormalities of aquaporin-4 in the cerebellum in bipolar II disorder: An ultra-high b-values diffusion weighted imaging study

Abstract

BackgroundCumulative evidence indicated the cerebellum is involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). It was reported that the apparent diffusion coefficient from ultra-high b-values (ADCuh) could reflect the function of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) which was involved in neurological disorders. However, no studies have reported the AQP4 alteration in the cerebellum in BD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ADCuh and AQP4 in the cerebellum in BD-II. MethodsFifty patients with BD-II as well as 43 healthy controls underwent enhance diffusion weighted imaging (eDWI) with ultra-high b-values. The eDWI parameters including ADCuh , pure water diffusion (D) and pseudodiffusion (D*) was measured using regions-of-interest analysis in the superior cerebellar peduncles (SCP), middle cerebellar peduncles (MCP) , cerebellar hemisphere, dentate nuclei, tonsil and vermis of the cerebellum. ResultsBD-II exhibited increased ADCuh values in the bilateral SCP, cerebellar hemisphere, tonsil and right dentate nuclei, and increased D* and D in the bilateral SCP, and decreased D* in the tonsil. Additionally, there were positive correlations between Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-24 scores and bilateral ADCuh values in the SCP and cerebellar hemisphere. ConclusionsThe alteration of the ADCuh values in the cerebellum may reflect the changes of the AQP4, especially the abnormality of eDWI parameters in the SCP may be a key neurobiological feature of BD-II. The current results provide a novel insight to look into the pathophysiology mechanisms underlying BD-II.