Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Women<40 Years and Its Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common cause for outpatient and emergency department visits in reproductive-aged women and may have a significant impact on quality of life. Objective: The study aimed to determine the clinical risk factors for abnormal uterine bleeding in women <40 years age. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Obstetric & gynae department in Khwaja Yunus Ali medical college and hospital from January 2021 to December 2021. Clinical information was retrieved retrospectively from the patients' medical records. Results: 120 women of reproductive age with abnormal uterine bleeding participated in the study. Most of them were in the 36-40 age group. The patients' average age was 34.28 years. 88 (73.33%) had a large uterus, and 86 (70%) had atypical menstruation histories. Clinical symptoms included 35 (29.17%) heavy periods, 28 (23.33%) metrorrhagia, 22 (18.33%) polymenorrhea, 17 (14.17%) oligomenorrhea, 6 (5%) amenorrhea, and 12 (10%) reported symptoms of intermenstrual bleeding. After reviewing the medical records, it was discovered that 33 (27.5%) had diabetes, 37 (30.83%) had hypertension, 16 (13.33%) had both diabetes and hypertension, 7(5.63%) had hypothyroidism, 5 (4.17%) had cancer, 19(15.83%) were obese, and the majority of the patients, 87 (72.5%) were anemic. Multiple pregnancy was also a significant factors for AUB. Conclusion: AUB can be caused by factors such as increased age, obesity, nulliparity, irregular menstrual cycles, a history of diabetes, hypertension, and more. The only risk factor in the present study that was statistically significant was irregular menstruation history. Bulky uterus, multiple pregnancies, and irregular menstrual cycles may be related with abnormal uterine bleeding.