Abnormal Topological Network in Parkinson's Disease With Impulse Control Disorders: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Xiaopeng Zhu,Yongkai Huang,Chun Yang,Yan Xiao,Deqing Han,Sian Pan,Fan Li,Langsha Liu

doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.651710

Abstract

In recent years, neuroimaging evidence shows that the brains of Parkinson disease (PD) with impulse control disorders (ICDs) patients have functional disconnection changes. However, so far, it is still unclear whether the topological organization is damaged in PD patients with ICD. In this study, we aimed to explore the functional brain network in 18 patients with PD with ICDs (PD-ICD) and 18 patients with PD without ICDs (PD-nICD) by using functional magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory approach. We found that the PD-ICD patients had increased clustering coefficient and characteristic path length, while decreased small-world index compared with PD-nICD patients. Furthermore, we explored the hypothesis whether the abnormality of the small-world network parameters of PD-ICD patients is accompanied by the change of nodal centrality. As we hypothesized, the nodal centralities of the default mode network, control network, and dorsal attention network were found to be significantly damaged in the PD-ICD group compared with the PD-nICD group. Our study provides more evidence for PD-ICD patients’ brain network abnormalities from the perspective of information exchange, which may be the underlying pathophysiological basis of brain abnormalities in PD-ICD patients.

Highlights

Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people
We explored the hypothesis whether the abnormality of the small-world network parameters of PD-impulse control disorders (ICDs) patients is accompanied by the change of nodal centrality
Compared with the PD-nICD group, the brain regions with significantly increased node centrality in PD with ICDs (PD-ICD) patients are located in default mode network (DMN), control

Summary

Introduction

Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people. Its main clinical manifestations are motor symptoms such as resting tremor, bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, and abnormal posture, as well as non-motor symptoms such as impulse control disorders (ICDs). ICD refers to a mental disorder in which patients are driven by a strong desire to adopt improper behaviors to obtain self-satisfaction. Fifteen percent of PD patients have one or more clinical symptoms of ICD (Vriend, 2018), which mainly include pathological gambling, compulsive eating, hypersexuality, compulsive shopping, and so on (Vargas and Cardoso, 2018). Abnormal Topological Network in PD-ICD patients suffer from ICD, clinical management and intervention will become more difficult. In the early stage of PD with ICDs (PD-ICD), it is very important to understand the corresponding specific changes of PD-ICD

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