Abstract
The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is a 2.5–4.5 cm manometric high-pressure zone located between the pharynx and esophagus. Because of its location, this region has also been referred to as the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES). The UES specifically refers to the intraluminal high-pressure zone that may be visualized on manometry. The PES refers to the anatomic components that make up the high-pressure zone. The UES and PES are synonymous and may be used interchangeably. The cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) makes up only one component of the PES. The CPM is not synonymous with the UES and PES. The PES is modifiable with therapy and surgery. It is for this reason that a comprehensive understanding of PES fluoroscopic anatomy and physiology is essential for all swallowing clinicians.
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