Abstract
Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic, adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by a combination of autonomic failure, parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and corticospinal dysfunction with varying severity, causing progressive disability and death, usually within 7-9 years. Patients with MSA are clinically classified into one of two subtypes (parkinsonian or cerebellar) based on their predominant motor presentation. Neuropathological features include multiple system degeneration with the presence of glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCI), gliosis and microglia infiltlation in the affected area. However the precise mechanism of propagation of GCI and relationship between GCI and neuroinflammation remain unknown.
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