Ablation of dental hard tissues with a microsecond pulsed carbon dioxide laser operating at 9.3-μm with an integrated scanner

Abstract

Pulsed carbon dioxide lasers operating at the highly absorbed 9.3 and 9.6-μm wavelengths with pulse durations in the microsecond range are ideally suited for dental hard tissue modification and removal. The purpose of these studies was to demonstrate that a low cost 9.3-μm CO(2) laser system utilizing low-energy laser pulses (1-5 mJ /pulse) delivered at a high repetition rate (400-Hz) is feasible for removing dental hard tissues. The laser beam was focused to a small spot size to achieve ablative fluence and an integrated/programmable optical scanner was used to scan the laser beam over the desired area for tissue removal. Pulse durations of 35, 60 and 75-μs were employed and the enamel and dentin ablation rate and ablation efficiency were measured. Laser irradiated human and bovine samples were assessed for peripheral thermal and mechanical damage using polarized light microscopy. The heat accumulation during rapid scanning ablation with water-cooling at 400-Hz was monitored using micro-thermocouples. The laser was able to ablate both enamel and dentin without excessive peripheral thermal damage or heat accumulation. These preliminary studies suggest that a low-cost RF excited CO(2) laser used in conjunction with an integrated scanner has considerable potential for application to dental hard tissues.