Abstract
Laser-assisted lipolysis is routinely used for contouring the body and the neck while modifications of the technique have recently been advocated for facial contouring. In this study, wavelength-dependence measurements of laser lipolysis effect were performed using different lasers at 1,064, 1,320, and 1,444 nm wavelengths that are currently used clinically. Fresh porcine skin with fatty tissue was used for the experiments with radiant exposure of 5–8 W with the same parameters (beam diameter = 600 μm, peak power = 200 mJ, and pulse rate = 40 Hz) for 1,064, 1,320 and 1,444 nm laser wavelengths. After laser irradiation, ablation crater depth and width and tissue mass loss were measured using spectral optical coherence tomography and a micro-analytical balance, respectively. In addition, thermal temporal monitoring was performed with a thermal imaging camera placed over ex vivo porcine fat tissue; temperature changes were recorded for each wavelength. This study demonstrated greatest ablation crater depth and width and mass removal in fatty tissue at the 1,444 nm wavelength followed by, in order, 1,320 and 1,064 nm. In the evaluation of heat distribution at different wavelengths, reduced heat diffusion was observed at 1,444 nm. The ablation efficiency was found to be dependent upon wavelength, and the 1,444 nm wavelength was found to provide both the highest efficiency for fatty tissue ablation and the greatest thermal confinement.
Highlights
Neodymium-doped lasers are widely used in medicine across a range of specialties and with specific applications requiring substantially different thermal effects
For quantitative analysis of the Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, measurements were taken at the deepest region of each ablation crater at each radiant exposure for the three different laser wavelengths; the crater depth and width were measured from 5 to 8 W (Fig. 5)
The wavelength dependence measurements of laser lipolysis effect were performed using different lasers at 1,064, 1,320, and 1,444 nm wavelengths that are currently used in the clinic
Summary
Neodymium-doped lasers are widely used in medicine across a range of specialties and with specific applications requiring substantially different thermal effects. Significant variations in laser tissue interaction are enabled via wavelength selection and optical and other properties of the targeted and immediately adjacent tissues (e.g., ability to selectively absorb light and ability to withstand collateral thermal damage) and treatment mode (e.g., continuous wave versus pulsed and contact versus non-contact) [1]. Neodymium-doped laser radiant energy for non-surgical, non-contact applications penetrates skin tissue up to several millimeters and selectively targets discrete structures or substances (selective photothermolysis) to produce primarily coagulative tissue effects [1]. Surgical applications of neodymium-doped lasers more typically involve contact mode and primarily generate photoablative and, to a lesser extent, photocoagulative changes that are relatively superficial (e.g., up to 600 μm and an additional 50–100 um, respectively) [1]. Different wavelengths may vary in effectiveness targeting substances present in the subcutaneous lasing microenvironment, including collagen (e.g., adipocyte membranes; e.g., fibrous septae), fat (i.e., adipocyte lipid content), hemoglobin, and water (e.g., within fibrous and vascular structures; e.g., exogenous water content introduced with infiltration of local anesthetic or tumescent solution)
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