Abstract
Crop plants are encountered by various abiotic pressures which limit their growth and development. Stresses such as drought, heat, pathogen attack, heavy metal, salinity, and radiations impose negative effect on crop plants. The reduction in crop productivity in the current era of climate change is compromising the efforts/strategies used for sustainable agricultural practices. Therefore, plant stress physiologists are engineering plants with suitable exogenous signaling elicitors to engineer tolerance to various stresses. In the present chapter, an appraisal has been made in the “Introduction” section to first assess the damages caused by various abiotic stresses in crop plants. In the second section, we attempt to summarize the role of various plant hormones, namely, salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BRs), ethylene (ET), and methyl jasmonate (MJ) in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance. The current concept may lead to the development of strategies for unraveling the underlying mechanisms of plant hormone-mediated abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
Highlights
Due to overexploitation of natural resources for catering to basic human needs coupled with hunger, the aim of Food and Agricultural Organization’s [1] of making world agriculture for enhancing 70% food production by 2050 for 2.3 billion newborn individual is facing a lot of challenges
The results showed that exposure of maize plants to Cd reduced the chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence traits, photosynthesis, and catalase (CAT) activity, but, enhanced non-photochemical quenching (NPQ ), MDA content and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX)
The results revealed that water stress caused decrement in total plant dry weight, Fv/Fm, contents of chlorophyll a and b, relative water content, leaf water potential but increment in MDA, H2O2, electrolyte leakage (EL), methylglyoxal (MG), proline, and NO, nitrate reductase (NR) and antioxidant enzymes’ activities
Summary
Due to overexploitation of natural resources for catering to basic human needs coupled with hunger, the aim of Food and Agricultural Organization’s [1] of making world agriculture for enhancing 70% food production by 2050 for 2.3 billion newborn individual is facing a lot of challenges. The data accessed on NOAA website [25] show that the average global temperature in June 2020 was found to be 1.66 °F (0.92 of a °C) above the twentieth century’s average of 59.9 °F (15.5 °C) and the average temperature of June across the U.S was found to be 70.3 °F (which is 1.8° above average), which ranks it the warmest third month in the history of the 126-year record All these abiotic stress factors under the effect of climate change could be expected to significantly pose a potential threat to agriculture [11, 26–30]. We will be discussing the potential role of different phytohormones like SA-, BRs-, ET- and MJ-mediated mechanisms in countering diverse abiotic pressures like salinity, drought, heat, and metal/s stress in diverse crop species. MJ supply alleviates changes in growth and photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and yield of secondary metabolites
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