Abstract
Although stresses induce generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly reactive and toxic, and cause severe damage to cellular components; plants have very efficient enzymatic ROS-scavenging mechanisms. Despite the substantial knowledge produced about these enzymes, we still have limited knowledge regarding their expression patterns in relation to the stress type, duration and strength. Thus, taking advantage of microarray data, this work evaluated the abiotic stresses (salt, cold, heat and light) induced regulation of six antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), in 10 natural Arabidopsis ecotypes. The expression profiles of 36 genes encoding six enzymatic antioxidants including CSD1-3, FSD1-3, MSD1-2, CAT1-3, APX1-6, APXT, APXS, GPX1-8, MDAR1-5 and DHAR1-4 were investigated. In particular, FSD1, FSD2, CSD1 and CSD2 genes coding for SOD; CAT2 and CAT3 for CAT; APX3-6, APXT and APXS for APX; GPX1, GPX2, GPX5, GPX6 and GPX7 for GPX; MDAR2-4 for MDHAR; and DHAR1 and DHAR3 for DHAR families appeared to be more differentially expressed under given stress conditions. Primarily, high light as well as salt and cold stresses considerably up-regulated the gene expression, whereas cold stress significantly led to the down-regulation of genes. The overall expression pattern of ecotypes suggested that the studied Arabidopsis genotypes had different stress tolerance.
Highlights
Abiotic stresses induce the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are highly reactive and toxic, and cause severe damage to cellular molecules [1,2]
Utilizing the microarray data with record GSE41935 in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)’s GEO datasets, the expression profiles of six Arabidopsis antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), under four different stress conditions, cold, heat, high light and salt, were evaluated in 10 natural Arabidopsis ecotypes originating from different geographical locations
A total of 36 genes were identified for six different antioxidant enzymes, of which SODs included eight members (CSD1-3, FSD1-3 and MSD1-2), CATs included three ones (CAT1-3), APXs eight (APX1-6, APXT and APXS), GPXs eight (GPX1-8), MDHAR five (MDAR1-5) and DHAR four (DHAR1-4) members
Summary
Abiotic stresses induce the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are highly reactive and toxic, and cause severe damage to cellular molecules [1,2]. ROS could be either free radicals such as OHÁ (hydroxyl radical), O2.2(superoxide radical), HO2Á (perhydroxy radical) and ROÁ (alkoxy radical) or non-radical forms such as H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and 1O2 (singlet oxygen) [1,10,11,12]. They are mainly generated in mitochondria, chloroplasts and peroxisomes as byproducts of various metabolic pathways resulting from intense electron flow or highly oxidizing activities [13,14].
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