Abstract
To study the effects of resistance inducers used to control fusarium wilt in tomatoes due to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f. sp. lycopersici, we evaluated the effects of ASM (acibenzolar-S-methyl), Agro-Mos, chitosan, Biopirol and neem oil on F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici mycelial growth and sporulation and systemic resistance in tomatoes. In vitro experiments comprised evaluations of the products’ effects on the mycelial growth and sporulation of the PDA (potato dextrose agar) growth medium-cultured pathogen. In vivo experiments included product application to tomato plants of the Santa Cruz cultivar that were grown for 25 days on autoclaved soil, followed by determinations of disease severity and peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and Beta-1,3-glucanase enzyme activity levels, which are related to the process of resistance induction. Pathogen inoculation occurred after 5 days at a concentration of 106 conidia/mL. We evaluated the disease according to a rating scale. Enzymatic activity was determined according to specific protocols. Neem oil controlled pathogen mycelial growth and sporulation, while ASM influenced sporulation. The products reduced the severity of wilt in the plants. We highlight neem oil, Agro-Mos and Biopirol due to their ability to induce significant peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and Beta-1,3-glucanase expression, respectively.
Highlights
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) originated in the Andean area of South America and belongs to the Solanaceae family
While evaluating the effects of the abiotic products on F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici mycelial growth, a significant difference was observed between the treatments (Table 1)
The treatments that yielded the maximum percentages relative to the control were based on chitosan, at a concentration of 0.400 mg/L and a growth inhibition percentage value (GIP) greater than 23%, and neem oil, with a concentration of 4.00 mL/L and a GIP greater than 17%, compared to the control
Summary
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) originated in the Andean area of South America and belongs to the Solanaceae family. It is widespread in Brazil and has great commercial importance for both fresh consumption and industrialization. The state of Maranhão is the sixth-most productive state in the Northeastern region and produces slightly more than 4,700 tonnes from 228 planted hectares (IBGE, 2015). All of this productive potential is subject to the occurrence of various diseases that are influenced by several factors such as climate, the planted cultivar and seed quality, among others, the lack of effective measures for pathogen control
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