Abfractive lesions of teeth in dogs

Abstract

Introduction . The study of patterns and features of the structural state of the dentoalveolar apparatus in representatives of the Canidae family is one of the urgent problems of veterinary dentistry. Understanding the etiological factors of pathologies of the dentoalveolar system allows the veterinarian and pet owners to preserve the function of the tooth as an organ, as well as its functionality by preserving the dentition. It has long been known and confirmed that the pathology of the dentition leads to the development of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system and respiratory organs. To systematize the clinical signs of defects and lesions of hard tissues of the teeth, a brief description of these lesions, their classification and clinical signs are given, which are taken from specialized sources and the practical experience of the authors. The purpose of the study was to systematize the clinical signs of defects and lesions of hard dental tissues in dogs of dwarf, small and medium breeds. Objects and methods . A sufficient analysis of significant specialized literature data and a clinical examination of the oral cavity organs were carried out using additional research methods, adopted in dentistry, on dogs (n = 70, dwarf, small and medium breeds). Results . To eliminate the gap in information about abfractional lesions of the teeth, a brief description of these lesions, their classification and clinical signs are given. Based on the study, the following specifications of clinical signs of dental lesions should be distinguished: the presence of microcracks, slight damage to tooth enamel, the formation of a mesh pattern of enamel and the predominance of horizontal lines over vertical ones, and the absence of gum recession. Our studies allow us to identify some features of the systematization of dental lesions in dogs, which is only the initial stage in the study of this complex process. Further research will improve the treatment and prevention measures and methods for the differential diagnosis of abfraction lesions of the teeth in dogs of small and dwarf breeds.