Abstract
We investigate the point spread function of a multimode fiber. The distortion of the focal spot created on the fiber output facet is studied for a variety of the parameters. We develop a theoretical model of wavefront shaping through a multimode fiber and use it to confirm our experimental results and analyze the nature of the focal distortions. We show that aberration-free imaging with a large field of view can be achieved by using an appropriate number of segments on the spatial light modulator during the wavefront-shaping procedure. The results describe aberration limits for imaging with multimode fibers as in, e.g., microendoscopy.
Highlights
Light microscopy has been the key tool for biological and medical research for more than three centuries
We develop a theoretical model of wavefront shaping through a multimode fiber and use it to confirm our experimental results and analyze the nature of the focal distortions
We experimentally show that 300 active segments give a diffraction-limited spot near the fiber core axis with a γ2 of 0.40 ± 0.02 (40% of the light is concentrated in the focus) that corresponds to a highly visible peak fully appropriate for imaging purposes
Summary
Light microscopy has been the key tool for biological and medical research for more than three centuries. High-resolution imaging is possible only up to one millimeter below the tissue surface, because at greater depths, multiple light scattering inherent to almost any biological tissue deteriorates the image [3]. To overcome this constraint, microscopy techniques based on miniature optical probes have been developed. The advent of cutting-edge fiber-optic components plus the plethora of light microscope techniques available offer a powerful platform for microendoscopy, improving imaging resolution, field of view and probe miniaturization. The actual resolution of GRIN probe tends to be worse than the theoretical limit, because the effective NA of GRIN lenses is degraded by a factor of 1.5–2 due to spatial aberrations of the lenses [13]
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