Aberrant variations in land, oceanic, and atmospheric parameters precedent to earthquakes

Abstract

The study of multi-sensor parameters before eleven earthquake (M ≥ 6.0) is reported in the current study. These earthquakes are: (1) Chile (28⁰44′ S, 71⁰28′ W) on 04 July 2021 (M = 6.0), (2) Panama (7⁰23′ N, 82⁰46′ W) on 21 July 2021 (M = 6.7) (3) Philippines (13⁰42′ N, 120⁰43′ E) on 23 July 2021 (M = 6.7) (4) Russia (48⁰51′ N, 154⁰54′ E) on 24 August 2021 (M = 6.0), (5) Taiwan (24⁰30′ N, 121⁰49′ E) on 24 October 2021 (M = 6.2), (6) Nicaragua (11⁰13′ N, 86⁰31′ W) on 09 November 2021 (M = 6.3), (7) Guatemala (14⁰08′ N, 91⁰23′ W) on 16 February 2022 (M = 6.2), (8) Philippines (14⁰05′ N, 119⁰22′ E) on 13 March 2022 (M = 6.4), (9) Japan (37⁰42′ N, 141⁰34′ E) on 16 March 2022 (M = 7.3), (10) Taiwan (23⁰23′ N, 121⁰36′ E) on 22 March 2022 (M = 6.7), (11) Philippines (19⁰01′ N, 121⁰21′ E) on 30 June 2022 (M = 6.0). We examined the SLHF, SST, CLW, and Water Vapor characteristics before the earthquakes to look for a precursory indication. The seasonal plot of every location for each parameter have plotted in the present paper (Fig. 2(a-d) to 12(a-d)). The SLHF, SST, CLW, and Water Vapor data show unusual behaviour in earthquakes between June 2021 to June 2022. The important aim of this study was to investigate and show that SLHF, SST, CLW, and water vapor could change during, before, or after earthquakes that occurred near or beneath an ocean. Our study could help us understand how the land, ocean, and atmosphere respond to earthquake activity.