Aberrant subcellular localization of SQSTM1/p62 contributes to increased vulnerability to proteotoxic stress recovery in Huntington's disease

Abstract

Proteotoxic stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). Autophagy is proposed as a compensatory mechanism to remove protein aggregates under proteotoxic stress by up-regulating p62 expression. In the present study, we investigated the molecular action of p62 to proteotoxic stress in HD cells. Using two different HD cellular models, STHdhQ7 and STHdhQ111 cells derived from wild type and HD knock-in mice and human fibroblasts from healthy and HD patients, we found that HD cells are more vulnerable to cell death under proteotoxic stress and during stress recovery. We further showed that P62 was up-regulated in both STHdhQ7 and STHdhQ111 cells in response to the stress with distinct subcellular localization patterns. While dispersed p62 puncti were found in STHdhQ7 cells, p62 bodies were initially present in the lysosomes and accumulated to the juxtanuclear regions of STHdhQ111 cells as MG132 incubation continued. Unlike in STHdhQ7 cells, p62 puncti were not associated with K48-linked polyubiquitinated protein aggregates or proteasomal components in STHdhQ111. Interestingly, addition of cysteine during MG132 incubation rescued cell death in STHdhQ111 cells caused by stress recovery and altered the subcellular distribution of p62. Our data suggest that aberrant positioning of p62 affects the proteasomal clearance of protein aggregates and may contribute to the increased vulnerability to proteotoxic stress-induced cell death in HD cells.