Abstract
Nearly two decades ago, Berridge and Robinson conceptualized a role for dopamine in motivational salience, and in 2003 it was invoked as an explanation for psychosis in schizophrenia. In the years since, research developing and testing the “aberrant salience hypothesis” has grown steadily. However even basic questions remain: How is salience calculated and attributed in the brain, and how can we measure it? How does it involve dopamine signaling and how does it go wrong? How does it change with the course of psychosis and with treatment? Does abnormal salience attribution underlie all psychoses? This chapter reviews fifteen years of research into aberrant salience processing in psychosis. It compares the different operationalizations of salience processing in online and offline tasks in controls and in various patient groups. It provides an up-to-date picture of the state of the art, and suggest directions for future research.
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