Aberrant pelvis and hip kinematics impair hip loading before and after total hip replacement

Abstract

Musculoskeletal loading is an important factor affecting the development of osteoarthritis, bone remodelling and primary fixation of total hip replacement (THR). In this study, we analyzed the relation between muscular force, gait kinematics and kinetics and hip loading in 20 patients before and six weeks after THR. Hip contact forces were calculated from gait analysis data using musculoskeletal modelling, inverse dynamics and static optimization. We found aberrant pelvis and hip kinematics and kinetics before and six weeks after surgery, confirming previous findings in literature. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the total contact force and its vertical component. These changes result in a decrease of the associated inclination angles of the total hip contact force in the sagittal and transverse planes, changing the orientation towards more vertical implant loading after THR. These changes in hip loading were related to observed gait kinematics and kinetics. Most importantly, excessive pelvic obliquity and associated hip adduction related to impaired implant loading. We concluded, therefore, that physical therapy in the early post-operative phase should primarily focus on stretching of anterior and medial structures and strengthening of hip flexors and abductors to achieve normalization of the hip and pelvis kinematics and consequently normalize hip loading.