Aberrant functional connectivity within the salience network is related to cognitive deficits and disorganization in psychosis

Abstract

In schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder cognitive deficits are a reliable characteristic predicting a poor functional outcome. It has been theorized that both the default mode network (DMN) and the salience network (SN) play a crucial role in cognitive processes and aberrant functional connectivity within these networks in psychotic patients has been reported. The goal of this study was to reveal potential links between aberrant functional connectivity within these networks and impaired cognitive performance in psychosis.We chose two approaches for cognitive assessment, first the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) combined into a global score and second the disorganization factor derived from a five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) known to be relevant for cognitive performance. DMN and SN were identified using independent component analysis on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data.We found significantly decreased connectivity within the right supplementary motor area (SMA) and bilateral putamen in patients with psychosis (n = 70; 27F/43M) compared to healthy controls (n = 72; 28F/44M). Within patients, linear regression analysis revealed that aberrant SMA connectivity was associated with impaired global cognition, while dysfunctional bilateral putamen connectivity predicted disorganization. There were no significant changes in connectivity within the DMN.Results support the hypothesis that SN dysfunctional connectivity is important in the pathobiology of cognitive deficits in psychosis. For the first time we were able to show the involvement of dysfunctional SMA connectivity in this context. We interpret the decreased SN connectivity as evidence of reduced functionality in recruiting brain areas necessary for cognitive processing.