Abstract
Since oxidative stress impairs the cardiovascular function, the hypothesis from the present study is that the treatment of paraquat-exposed adult Wistar rats with methanolic extract of Abelmoschus esculentus seed would reduce paraquat-induced cardiovascular damage. Thirty healthy female Wistar rats weighing 120-150 g were randomly assigned into 6 groups of 5 rats each (Groups A, B, C, D, E and F). Rats in groups A served as control and received normal saline while groups B, C, D, E and F received a single dose of paraquat (7mgkg-1i.p.). Rats in group B was sacrificed 24hours following paraquat administration while daily administration of 100 mg kg-1and 200 mg kg-1 of methanolic extract of Abelmoschus esculentus seed extract were given orally to groups C and D while group E received daily oral dose of Vitamin E at 100mgkg-1 and group F was left untreated. Histological and biochemical preparations of the heart was made and data were expressed as mean± SEM. Significant difference was set at p<0.05. Results showed no significance difference (p<0.05) in nitric oxide activity, Glutathione reductase activity, and troponin I activity across the paraquat-exposed groups when compared with control. Histological studies reveal distortion of normal cardiac histo-architecture in paraquat-exposed group B compared with control rats while Abelmoschus esculentus reversed these changes in other treated groups. The study concluded that paraquat caused significant distortion of the cardiac histo-architecture and methanolic extract of immature Abelmoschus esculentus seed had antioxidant and ameliorative effects similar to Vitamin E on paraquat-induced myocardial injury.
Highlights
Herbicides have been used in conjunction with host plant resistance, cultural, mechanical, and biological tactics in an integrated pest management system to combat the battle against destructive pests [1]
Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of Abelmoscus esculentus seeds in this study revealed the presence of Tannins, glycosides, resins, saponins, flavonoids, sterols, phenols, carbohydrates and alkaloids, while terpenoids and phlobatannins were absent (Table 1)
Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of Abelmoscus esculentus seeds in this study revealed the presence of Tannins, glycosides, resins, saponins, flavonoids, sterols, phenols, carbohydrates and alkaloids, while terpenoids and phlobatannins were absent this is similar to findings, that analysed both aqueous extract (AE) and methanolic extract (ME) of Abelmoschus esculentus seeds and found the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, terpenoids, tannins, and sterols [22]
Summary
Herbicides have been used in conjunction with host plant resistance, cultural, mechanical, and biological tactics in an integrated pest management system to combat the battle against destructive pests [1]. The American Heritage Dictionary defines herbicide as "a chemical that is used to control weeds ".[1]. Paraquat is the trade name for N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride, the organic compound with the formula C12H14Cl2N2 [2]. It is toxic to human beings and animals. Paraquat can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and or eye contact and by ingestion [4]. Previous studies on rats has demonstrated that administration or accidental ingestion of paraquat dichloride causes an extremely high fatality rate of between 30–70% [5, 6]
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