ABCD rule for Gaussian beam propagation in the context of quantum optics derived by the IWOP technique

Abstract

The development of technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators extends the Newton–Leibniz integration rule, originally applying to permutable functions, to the non-commutative quantum mechanical operators composed of Dirac’s ket–bra, which enables us to obtain the images of directly mapping symplectic transformation in classical phase space parameterized by [ A, B; C, D] into quantum mechanical operator through the coherent state representation, we call them the generalized Fresnel operators (GFO) since they correspond to Fresnel transforms in Fourier optics. Based on GFO we find the ABCD rule for Gaussian beam propagation in the context of quantum optics (both in one-mode and two-mode cases) whose classical correspondence is just the ABCD rule in matrix optics. The entangled state representation is used in discussing the two-mode case.