ABC Transporters in T Cell-Mediated Physiological and Pathological Immune Responses.

Christoph Thurm,Sascha Kahlfuss,Burkhart Schraven

doi:10.3390/ijms22179186

Abstract

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represent a heterogeneous group of ATP-dependent transport proteins, which facilitate the import and/or export of various substrates, including lipids, sugars, amino acids and peptides, ions, and drugs. ABC transporters are involved in a variety of physiological processes in different human tissues. More recent studies have demonstrated that ABC transporters also regulate the development and function of different T cell populations, such as thymocytes, Natural Killer T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD4+ T helper cells, including regulatory T cells. Here, we review the current knowledge on ABC transporters in these T cell populations by summarizing how ABC transporters regulate the function of the individual cell types and how this affects the immunity to viruses and tumors, and the course of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, we provide a perspective on how a better understanding of the function of ABC transporters in T cells might provide promising novel avenues for the therapy of autoimmunity and to improve immunity to infection and cancer.

Highlights

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) Transporter FamilyA prerequisite for the function of every cell is the directed transport of molecules and ions across lipid membranes independent of their physicochemical properties
Recent observations suggest that cholesterol homeostasis in T cells and its regulation via ABCG1 directly contributes to the development of Tregs [40]
ABC transporters represent a large gene family in humans and mice and facilitate the transport of molecules important for many physiological functions and intercellular communication processes, our knowledge about these transporters in T cells is relatively sparse (Figure 3). This is in stark contrast to recent observations that T cells seem to be dependent on specific ABC transporters

Summary

Introduction

A prerequisite for the function of every cell is the directed transport of molecules and ions across lipid membranes independent of their physicochemical properties. Known as CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), is an ABC transporter expressed in airway epithelial cells that conducts chloride (Cl−) and bicarbonate (HNO3−). ABC transporter expression has been reported for several human tissues and other organisms such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and plants. ABCC7, known as CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator), is an ABC transporter expressed in airway epithelial cells that conducts chloride (Cl− ) and bicarbonate (HCO3− ). Another study found that ABCB1 and ABCG2 were important for the homeostasis and function of tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells [30], a subset of memory T cells responsible for immune surveillance in nonlymphoid tissues. Pathogenic Th17 cells were shown to be dependent on the ABC transporters ABCB1 ( known as multidrug resistance protein 1, MDR1) and the multidrug-resistance-associatedprotein-4 (MRP4) [34] (Figure 3). REVIEW transferred into attenuated by blocking ileal reabsorption of CBAs [37]

ABC regulate regulate the function different of

ABC Transporters in Tregs

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Conclusions and Perspectives