Abbiegungen und Abknickungen von Insektenflügeln beim Flug ohne und mit zusätzlicher Beutelast

Abstract

Wing bending around preformed bending lines due to hitting a hard object and wing bending due to aerodynamic forces are differentiated. After analysing approximately 10h of video recordings, the maximum bendings found in 22 specimens from 6 insect orders, during short distance flights or hovering in a flight chamber (exposure time 1 / 4000 -1 / 8000 s), and in the bees wool during landing in free nature (1 / 1000s) are described and demonstrated in video prints. A scheme for classifying bending effects is given. The latter are generally much higher in flights under load [Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Cerceris quadrifasciata Panzer (+ sandbees), Oxybelus uniglumis Linnaeus (+ flies), Philanthus triangulum Fabricius (+ honeybees) than in free flight, thus signalling higher aerodynamic wing loads. Especially the latter morphological changes should be taken into account when calculating wing statics under extreme loading conditions.