Abstract
The taxonomy and systematics of the subfamily Allocosinae are poorly known, especially in South America. In the last century, several species have been described in genera from other subfamilies or transferred to them creating great confusion in the knowledge of Allocosinae. In this study we propose the new genus, Abaycosagen. nov. to contain two species previously described, Orinocosa paraguensis (Gertsch & Wallace 1937) and Pardosa nanicaMello-Leitão 1941. Additionally, we propose two synonyms, Pardosa flammulaMello-Leitão 1945 as a junior synonym of Abaycosa nanica (Mello-Leitão 1941), comb. nov. and Alopecosa roseaMello-Leitão 1945 as a junior synonym of Abaycosa paraguensis (Gertsch & Wallace 1937), comb. nov. The results of the phylogenetic analysis using molecular characters place Abaycosa in the subfamily Allocosinae, which is also supported by morphological data. Abaycosa can be distinguished from the remaining Allocosinae by the following characters: in males by the presence of only one distal macrosetae and a patch of flat setae on the tip of the cymbium, in females by the ventral position of the vulval chamber and by the short and stout stalk of the spermathecae.
Highlights
One of the most controversial issues in South American lycosid taxonomy is that most species were described and placed within Holarctic genera (i.e., Lycosa, Pardosa, Alopecosa, Arctosa)
That allows us to propose the new genus Abaycosa within Allocosinae as sister of a clade composed by Allocosa funerea, Allocosa senex and Gnatholycosa spinipalpis (Piacentini and Ramírez (2019), through the inclusion of A. nanica as P. flammula)
The diagnostic characteristics of the new genus are the tibia of male palp as long as wide, the patch of flat setae on the dorsal tip of the cymbium, the ventral position of the vulval chamber, and the short and stout stalk of the spermathecae
Summary
One of the most controversial issues in South American lycosid taxonomy is that most species were described and placed within Holarctic genera (i.e., Lycosa, Pardosa, Alopecosa, Arctosa). Laborda et al.: A new genus of wolf spiders from South America variable characters, using in most cases the original description as a source of data without explaining the reason for those changes (Simó et al 2017) This problem was solved in some subfamilies such as Sosippinae, Artoriinae, and Zoicinae (Piacentini and Grismado 2009; Piacentini 2014; Piacentini et al 2017) but species within the South American Lycosinae, Pardosinae and Allocosinae are still probably misplaced. Despite recent contributions (Brescovit and Taucare-Ríos 2013; Simó et al 2017), the taxonomic knowledge of South American species of Allocosinae remains scarce because many of the species were described based on a single sex, possess descriptions that are insufficiently informative, and/or are poorly illustrated. We evaluate the phylogenetic position of both species within Lycosidae using molecular characters and we extend the known of its geographical distribution
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