Abstract
In this study, the presence of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms in abattoirs, a non-hospital community was investigated. The presence of ESBL-producing phenotypes was confirmed by the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST). Out of the 99 isolates screened for ESBL, 28 (28.3%) were confirmed positive. The positive isolates were characterised by using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of flight Mass Spectrometry. 50% of the isolates were Pseudomonas spp., the rest were different species of Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas and Achromobacter. Pseudomonas monteilli and Pseudomonas putida were the most occurring in the intestine. The entire positive ESBL producers were subjected to plasmid curing to ascertain the location of the resistant marker. The result of the plasmid curing indicated that the resistant genes were chromosomally borne. The findings have therefore established the presence of ESBL producing organisms in the gut of animals from abattoirs and the table were the meat are sold, and its rate of occurrence is comparable to hospital ICUs. Abattoir communities could probably be a source of human infection with ESBL expressing pathogens and possible transfer to non-ESBL producers.
Highlights
Extended spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) producers are a group of Gram-negative bacteria that produce a kind of blactamase enzyme, called ESBL that hydrolyze a broader spectrum of b-lactam antibiotics than that hydrolyzed by the simple b-lactamases
Exposure to ESBL producing microorganisms can occur through any means but the hospital has always been thought to be the greatest risk, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). [3,4] Recent studies have demonstrated the danger of ESBL producers in livestock. [1]
Screening for ESBL Isolates This was determined by using the double disc synergy test (DDST)
Summary
Extended spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) producers are a group of Gram-negative bacteria that produce a kind of blactamase enzyme, called ESBL that hydrolyze a broader spectrum of b-lactam antibiotics (including both penicillins and cephalosporins) than that hydrolyzed by the simple b-lactamases. Simple b-lactamases hydrolyze mainly the Narrow spectrum blactam antibiotics. [1,2] They are not active against cephamycins and carbapenems. ESBL have ability to inactivate b-lactam antibiotics containing an oxyimino-group such as oxyiminocephalosporins (e.g., ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime) as well as oxyimino- monobactam (aztreonam). They are inhibited by b-lactamase-inhibitors such as clavulanic acid and tazobactam. ESBL has only been detected in Gram-negative rods, mainly species of the Enterobacteriaceae family, and they can be acquired from a number of sources. Exposure to ESBL producing microorganisms can occur through any means but the hospital has always been thought to be the greatest risk, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). [3,4] Recent studies have demonstrated the danger of ESBL producers in livestock. [1]
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