Abstract
An ab initio-based model for the strength increase by short-range ordering of C-Mn-Al clusters has been developed. The model is based on ab initio calculations of ordering energies. The impact of clusters on the yield strength of high-manganese austenitic steels (HMnS) is highly dependent on the configurational structure of the cells that carbon atoms will position themselves as interstitial atoms. The impact of the alloying elements C, Mn, and Al on the potential and actual increase in yield strength is analyzed. A model for the calculation of yield strengths of HMnS is derived that includes the impact of short-range ordering, grain size refinement, and solid solution strengthening. The model is in good agreement with experimental data and performs better than other models that do not include strengthening by short-range ordering.
Highlights
Those deformation modes include transformation induced plasticity (TRIP), twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) or pronounced planar glide in combination with the formation of dislocation cells that is sometimes referred to as microband-induced plasticity (MBIP) [1,8,9,10]
Since this paper focuses on high-manganese austenitic steels (HMnS) with the main alloying elements C, Mn, and
The calculations used in this work lead to differences between σY,calc and σY,exp that are smaller than 10%
Summary
Depending on the stacking fault energy, which is a result of alloying content, temperature, deformation grade, and other factors, HMnS exhibit a variety of different active deformation modes [4,5,6,7]. Those deformation modes include transformation induced plasticity (TRIP), twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) or pronounced planar glide in combination with the formation of dislocation cells that is sometimes referred to as microband-induced plasticity (MBIP) [1,8,9,10]. These models often imply negative solid-solution strengthening by some of the alloying elements, like Mn, that are usually attributed to positive strengthening effects [2,14,15]
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