A-83 Neuropsychological Outcomes in Two COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

ObjectiveThe cases describe neuropsychological functioning in a 55-year-old male and 37-year-old female with a history of COVID-19 illness. While COVID-19-related cognitive and psychological impairments are documented, long-term outcomes are not well understood as few case studies exist. The present case studies add to the growing body of literature describing the neuropsychological profile and outcomes in patients with a history of COVID-19 illness at 3 to 12 months post-illness.MethodBoth patients had confirmed COVID-19 illness with symptoms including fever, headache, ageusia, anosmia, and fatigue. An MRI/DTI/MRS of the brain showed significant changes for both patients. Self-reported cognitive symptoms at the initial evaluation (3 to 6 months post-illness) included problems with memory and attention for both patients. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and irritability were reported.ResultsOn the initial assessment, both patients showed decline in learning and memory. One patient showed additional decline in attention, executive functions, and processing speed. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were elevated in both patients. Following the initial evaluation, one patient participated in formal cognitive remediation. At the five to ten month follow-up, both patients reported improvements in cognition and psychological functioning. Neurocognitive testing showed improvements across most cognitive domains though residual deficits were noted for one patient in memory and executive functions. Emotionally, symptoms of anxiety and depression remained elevated.ConclusionsResults add to the growing body of literature on the course of cognitive decline following COVID-19 illness. While significant cognitive recovery occurs within several months, residual cognitive and emotional problems can remain measurable up to a year post-illness.