Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is arguably the most important organ in the body for two reasons – it is required for the conversion of energy from ingested materials to energy the body can use and consequently, represents the convergence point at which signals that regulate the global metabolic status including satiety and insulin resistance. From a practical perspective, gastrointestinal hollow organs are now completely accessible by flexible endoscopy, rendering them potentially as accessible as the skin. This has provided significant opportunities for topical/minimally invasive approaches for the treatment of gastroenterological and metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. I will review the most important technological breakthroughs that have brought us to this point, and provide my perspective for what the future holds for gastrointestinal flexible endoscopy including the use of cryotherapeutic techniques.
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